产品名称 FEMTO3D SMART

A Smart solution for many applications

The FEMTOSmart series consists of fully customizable two-photon microscopes, fitting the customers’ needs perfectly.

The special feature of these devices is the elevated body, which can move in X, Y, and Z directions, providing ample room under the objective for optimal sample positioning.

This feature makes them suitable for performing in vivo experiments, such as in the brain, in a wide range of model organisms, from zebrafish larvae, through mice navigating in virtual reality to non-human primates.

The FEMTOSmart series, with its three members, represents traditional two-photon imaging systems capable of galvo and resonant scanner-based functional imaging.

 

 

The FEMTOSmart series is the next step in classical two-photon microscopy at Femtonics, fully customizable two-photon microscopes.

 

 

FEATURES AND BENEFITS

 --- Elevated, column-based body

 --- XYZ positioning

 --- Tilting objective

 --- High level of modularity

 --- Galvanometric, resonant, or dual scanning possibilities

 --- Galvo Scanner, focusing on regions-of-interest

 --- Resonant Scanner, fast frame and volume scanning

 --- Dual Scanner, advantages of Galvo and Resonant microscopes combined

 --- Travelling detector system

 --- For in vivo studies

 --- High number of optional modules

 --- Patented imaging technologies

 --- Flexible scanning methods

 --- Maximal photon collection

 

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NETWORK IMAGING

Flexible scanning patterns, such as 2D random-access point, 2D multiple-line, and folded-frame scanning supports the manual selection of individual cells, of the brain or other organs, in a 2D plane.

By skipping the measurement of the entire field, it is possible to maintain a high scanning speed and signal-to-noise ratio.

Fast-frame scanning and its combination with fast Z-focusing (Piezo objective positioner) is a well-known approach for performing calcium imaging or other practical applications in neuronal networks in two or three dimensions.

 

 

 

DENDRITIC IMAGING

By using flexible 2D scanning methods (e.g. multiple line scanning), you can follow the tortuous protrusions of the dendritic arbors of neurons in a fast and precise way.

The microscopes equipped with Piezo objective positioner enable you to follow the activity of three-dimensional arborizations of dendrites, using calcium imaging or other useful applications and provide cost-effective, alternative solutions compared to the acousto-optic scanner-based scanning methods.

 

 

 

PHOTOSIMULATION

To stimulate cells or subcellular components, you can steer the laser beam rapidly through the entire FOV using a LED light source, or in optimized scanning patterns that can take the shape of a point, a line, a spiral, or zigzag using Multiple beam paths.

While scanning at points or along lines allows for stimulation at precise locations, such as spines or dendrites, the spiral and zigzag patterns covering larger regions enable the simultaneous stimulation of multiple molecules on the neuronal soma, resulting in activation.

Performing photostimulation along with calcium imaging allows us to follow the evoked changes in dendrites, spines, or even the receptor distribution on neurons.

 

 

3P IMAGING

Three-photon (3P) microscopy allows noninvasive functional imaging by making cells visible in deep tissues, with a high spatial resolution and better contrast compared to two-photon excitation.

Longer excitation wavelengths come with less scattering in biological tissues, which makes extending the penetration depth feasible, reduces out-of-focus excitation, and increases the signal-to-noise ratio.

For 3P imaging, equip our FEMTOSmart microscopes with the 3P range microscopy optional module.

 

 

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FEMTOSMART GALVO

 

Focusing on regions of interest for high speed and SNR

The galvo scanner combined with our intelligent control software enables the user to select numerous scanning patterns covering widely distributed ROIs.

Multiple frame scanning allows focusing on cell bodies, multiple line scanning enables us to follow action potentials along dendrites, random-access point scanning allows for the measurement or simultaneous photostimulation and calcium imaging in subcellular components with the highest temporal resolution.

Our software features (real-time display, analysis functions, ∆F/F calculations, the integrated parallel data acquisition of electrical recordings) aid the understanding of physiological processes in your research focus.

 

 

 

Multiple line scanning

Multiple line scanning has been developed for researchers aiming to resolve dendritic and even spine activity of neurons with a near real-time measurement mode.

During this scanning mode, the X and Y mirrors direct the laser beam in a flexible way along straight lines or complex curves.

The scanner spends most of its time collecting signals from these lines, skipping intermediate sections between them.

Therefore, the scanning speed and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the signals from the multi-site ROIs increases 3- to 4-fold compared to frame scanning.

 

 

Folded frame scanning

This patented method enables users to image a confined area along a line, where the shape of the selected regions can be straight or curved.

This advanced scanning method is useful for imaging single cell bodies in different regions of the specimen or performing calcium imaging along winding dendrites of neurons, with their protrusions, even in the brain of moving animals.

 

 

MES measurement control and data analysis software

The FEMTOSmart Galvo microscope is controlled by and works together with our modular measurement control and analysis software package called MES. MES is written in a MATLAB environment, enabling rapid code development, and makes the data accessible to the users.

Its design was inspired by the daily laboratory experiences of researchers in the field of cellular and network imaging.

MES supports 2D ROI selection and immediate ROI activity analysis, which are necessary for high throughput measurements when following neuronal activity, e.g., performing calcium imaging.

 

Specification

• in vivo deep brain imaging down to 850 µm
• properties of the galvanometric scanner based imaging:
  • 800 µm × 800 µm FOV (with a 20x obj.)
  • point and random access point with 200 µs/point
  • free hand line and multiple line: 40 lines/5 ms
  • frame with 4.1 fps at 512 x 512 pixel, 750 µm x 750 µm
  • folded frame, multiple folded frame
  • pixel dwell time adjustable: 0.5 µs – 10 ms, pixel-based averaging
• custom-designed optical elements for maximal transmission efficiency
• non-descanned, ultrasensitive GaAsP PMT
• minimized optical path length by patented travelling detector system
• high signal-to-noise ratio
• simultaneous detection of multiple wavelength
• MATLAB-based control software with analysis and upgrade possibilities
• ∆F/F calculation
• Batch processing
• parallel recording and analysis of electrophysiological data
• CMOS camera

 

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POSITIONING FREEDOM

 

The column-based X-Y-Z moving body of the FEMTOSmart contains the scanner unit, the control circuits, and an internal light path.

The elevated body enables you to place any kind of moving table or virtual reality under the objective.

The accessibility of the sample is ensured by two motors: the objective can move in a 50 mm range in the Z direction, and the microscope body can also move in a 50 mm range in the XY directions around the central position, due to the shifting base.

 

SUPERIOR IMAGING

 

850 µm, and a wavelength range from the visible to the infrared range, allowing even 3P excitation.

The scanners provide the highest resolution currently available.

Detection is performed by our patented travelling detector system, where the highest quality GaAsP PMTs and associated optical elements are mounted on the objective arm, as close as possible to the objective, which helps to keep the photon collection ratio high.

 

 

MODULARITY

 

The microscope’s modular nature allows us to assemble the components, and further upgrade the system to fit the customer’s needs perfectly.

Multiple lasers can be coupled into the microscope, either for imaging or photoactivation.

The system can be equipped with a lot of optional modules, enabling it to be adapted to a wide range of biological applications, from calcium imaging to optogenetics, uncaging and dendritic imaging.

 

 

 

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OPTIONAL MODULES

 

 

 

 

 

Femtonics - FEMTOSmart two-photon microscopes for calcium imaging